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Korkyra (polis)
Korkyra (also ''Corcyra'', ''(ギリシア語:Κόρκυρα)'') was an ancient Greek city on the island of Corfu in the Ionian sea, adjacent to Epirus.〔An Inventory of Archaic and Classical Poleis: An Investigation Conducted by The Copenhagen Polis Centre for the Danish National Research Foundation by Mogens Herman Hansen, 2005, page 361〕 It was a colony of Corinth, founded in the archaic period. According to Thucydides, the earliest recorded naval battle took place between Korkyra and Corinth, roughly 260 years before he was writing〔Thucydides, ''History of the Peloponnesian War'' 1.13.〕 - and thus in the middle of the seventh century BC. He also writes that Korkyra was one of the three great naval powers in fifth century BC Greece, along with Athens and Corinth.〔Thucydides, ''History of the Peloponnesian War'' 1.36.3〕
The antagonism between Korkyra and its mother city Corinth appears to have been an old one. Quite apart from the naval battle Thucydides talks of, Herodotus records a myth involving the tyrant of Corinth, Periander. Periander was estranged from his younger son, Lycophron, who believed that his father had killed his mother Milissa. After failing to reconcile with Lycophron, he sent him to Korkyra, then within Corinth's governance. In his old age, Periander sent for his son to come and rule over Corinth, suggesting that they would trade places and he would rule Korkyra while his son came to rule Corinth. To prevent this, the Korkyraeans killed Lycophron. In punishment, Periander captured 300 young men of Korkyra with the intention of castrating them.〔Herodotus, ''The Histories'' 3.48-52.〕 This is more likely to be a myth explaining the animosity between Corinth and Korkyra (and justifying the use of the word ''tyrant'' for Periander's rule) than an actual historical event.〔Osborne, R. 1996. ''Greece in the Making 1200-479BC''. Routledge.〕
==The Persian War==
In the Persian War of 480 BC, Greek envoys were sent to Korkyra requesting aid. Korkyra enthusiastically promised ships, and fitted out sixty of them, but they failed to arrive in time for the battle of Salamis. Herodotus credits this as a desire among the Korkyraeans to remain neutral and thus not support the losing side. The excuse given for failing to join the battle was unfavourable winds, whereas Herodotus says that, had the Persians been victorious, the Korkyraeans would have claimed to have deliberately avoided the battle and, thereby, gain favour from the invading Persians.〔Herodotus, ''The Histories'' 7.168.〕
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